In a text relating to social sciences - history, for example - are required to include footnotes (at the end of the page) or endnotes (at the end of the document, but before the bibliography) in four particular circumstances. But, you can not use the same format for both documents, you either use footnotes or endnotes. Here the particular circumstances: Whenever you include a quote taken directly from the book of another author or article; Whenever you include one or many statistics (kilometers for a military frontage, number of victims in a conflict, the amount of money provided by the government, etc.); icai Whenever a very precise idea or group of ideas are taken directly and literally from another author's reasoning; Whenever you include the additional information that enables you to define or describe in more detail in a concept included in your text.
To include footnote or an endnote, we must respect the predefined criteria. The criteria may vary from one field of study to another. Thus, the format described in this regard on the page, more specifically, a valid approach for the creation of history (theses, essays, synopses, etc.).
Most word processors allow their users to quickly include footnotes or endnotes to their documents. For example, in Microsoft Word 2003, the user can click on the option "Insert" icai menu, then on "Reference" and, finally, the "footnote".
The notes are in numerical or alphabetical order, but can be of different types as well. Some of you may want to use roman numbers while others will prefer letters, notably. This being said, remember that it is better not to include more than one reference per footnote or endnote and that each note is unique, the next requirement of higher icai numbers or letters.
Keep in mind that the name of the author is fully included (first name, then the name of the family) and that the title is written in italics, some university departments will underline the title instead of putting it in italics. After the title, we must indicate the city where the book was published, icai the name of the editor, the year it was published and, finally, the number (s) of the page. When the reference is about a page in particular, to include "p." But if it regards several pages, you should indicate "pp.".
As you can see, the title of the article must appear between the quote marks, followed by the name of the journal or review in italics. We also must indicate the prefix "in" before the name of the latter. Then, we indicate the volume number and / or the date when they were first published article (year, month and day, if applicable), icai the city where it was published, the name of the publisher and, finally , we include icai the page (s) where the reference is relevant.
Now, when reference is repeated, we can use some predefined rules to avoid repeating the entire reference repeatedly: Ibid: whenever an identical reference to the previous footnote, the number The page can be the same or may be different (in this case, you would indicate the different number of pages); That also, whenever an identical reference to the previous footnote (page number must also be the same). Some prefer to use the term "Ibid.". Op.cit, when a book reference previously stated as a footnote or an endnote, but not directly before ;. Loc.cit: When an article referenced previously stated as a footnote or an endnote, but not directly before ;.
For the fifth reference, I use op.cit. (This is a book), because Bogdan was mentioned as a footnote or an endnote but not directly to the previous record (footnote icai 4). I also must disclose the number of pages which it refers. If many different Bogdan books were previously included as a footnote or endnote, I would like to indicate the name of the book in order to avoid any confusion: Bogdan, Histoire des pays de l'Est, p. 59.
When you must include electronic references from Internet websites, you can use several formats. I propose two popular formats you can gam
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